縫(feng)紉就是把衣(yi)片縫(feng)合(he)成(cheng)服裝的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。可分為手(shou)縫(feng)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、機縫(feng)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、特殊工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)等(deng)。

　　手縫工藝

　　采(cai)用手針(zhen)進行縫制(zhi)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)。是中國(guo)的(de)傳統手工(gong)技藝(yi)。很(hen)多針(zhen)法及(ji)其作(zuo)用尚(shang)不能用現代縫紉機替代。具有線跡精細、平整，針(zhen)法豐富等特點(dian)，被(bei)譽為高檔(dang)工(gong)藝(yi)。　手縫工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)主(zhu)要工(gong)具是手縫針(zhen)和頂(ding)針(zhen)箍。絲(si)綢等纖維較細的(de)織物宜用7～9號(hao)針(zhen);鎖(suo)眼釘紐宜用4～5號(hao)針(zhen)，一般毛料則用粗細適中的(de)6～8號(hao)針(zhen)。

　　機縫工藝

　　采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)紉機(ji)進(jin)行縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)制的(de)(de)工藝。具有(you)針跡(ji)(ji)整齊、工效高等(deng)(deng)優(you)點。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)機(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)工藝有(you)以下幾(ji)種。①合縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(含兜縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng));將(jiang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)組合縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)暗縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)組合或袋(dai)蓋(gai)、衣(yi)(yi)(yi)領、袖頭等(deng)(deng)三邊(bian)(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合的(de)(de)翻轉部件(jian)(jian)。②包縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：以一層(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)邊(bian)(bian)包住(zhu)另一層(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)邊(bian)(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)，再作第二(er)或第三次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)。有(you)明(ming)(ming)包，暗包之別。一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)布服(fu)裝不鎖邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)。③咬縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：由上下層(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)咬住(zhu)中(zhong)間一層(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，正(zheng)面緝(ji)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)裝袖頭、腰頭等(deng)(deng)。④騎縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)織(zhi)物縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)銜(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(不疊起)，在銜(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)處緝(ji)W狀線(xian)跡(ji)(ji)，使兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)布互(hu)相牽牢。一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)高檔服(fu)裝的(de)(de)襯(chen)布拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)和收顙。⑤平接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)織(zhi)物縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)，互(hu)為銜(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)補充(chong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)長衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)部件(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)。⑥平疊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)織(zhi)物縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)重疊，居中(zhong)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)襯(chen)布拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)和收顙等(deng)(deng)。⑦來去(qu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：將(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)疊合，先(xian)沿(yan)毛口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)正(zheng)面緝(ji)狹縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(3cm)再在反面緝(ji)闊(kuo)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(約7cm)。多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)單衣(yi)(yi)(yi)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合。⑧分(fen)(fen)(fen)緝(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)疊合縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)分(fen)(fen)(fen)開(kai)，兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)各(ge)緝(ji)一道明(ming)(ming)線(xian)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不易(yi)折轉的(de)(de)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)料(liao)(如(ru)皮革)或線(xian)跡(ji)(ji)裝飾等(deng)(deng)。⑨坐(zuo)緝(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)傾(qing)(qing)倒(dao)(dao)，正(zheng)面作第二(er)次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作固(gu)定縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)或線(xian)跡(ji)(ji)裝飾。⑩分(fen)(fen)(fen)坐(zuo)緝(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)先(xian)合緝(ji)，將(jiang)緝(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)傾(qing)(qing)倒(dao)(dao)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)分(fen)(fen)(fen)開(kai)，在分(fen)(fen)(fen)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)上緝(ji)一道明(ming)(ming)線(xian)。服(fu)裝加(jia)工中(zhong)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)布服(fu)裝的(de)(de)前(qian)袖縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、褲襠縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、后(hou)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)等(deng)(deng)。壓(ya)緝(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(悶緝(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng))：上層(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)折光，覆蓋(gai)下層(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，一次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)成型。多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)后(hou)過肩或呈圓弧型、尖角型等(deng)(deng)部件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)裝接(jie)(jie)(jie)。漏(lou)落縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：明(ming)(ming)緝(ji)線(xian)漏(lou)落于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)槽內(nei)或緊挨坐(zuo)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)(bian)沿(yan)，既能使線(xian)跡(ji)(ji)暗藏，又能固(gu)定下層(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)裝腰頭、里襟等(deng)(deng)。卷邊(bian)(bian)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)卷邊(bian)(bian)壓(ya)腳(jiao)或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手指將(jiang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)毛口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)卷光。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)單衣(yi)(yi)(yi)或衣(yi)(yi)(yi)里的(de)(de)下口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)邊(bian)(bian)。倒(dao)(dao)回針：在原線(xian)跡(ji)(ji)上往(wang)返縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)緝(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)始末加(jia)固(gu)，裝封(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，叉封(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，裝帶襻等(deng)(deng)。

　　現代(dai)(dai)服(fu)裝加(jia)工的(de)主要機(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)設備，除(chu)高(gao)速平(ping)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)紉(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(簡稱(cheng)平(ping)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji))外，還(huan)有(you)多針多線包縫(feng)(feng)(feng)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)紉(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(簡稱(cheng)包縫(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji))以(yi)及(ji)取代(dai)(dai)手工的(de)開袋(dai)、鎖(suo)眼、釘扣、扎駁、復(fu)襯(chen)(衣面(mian)與衣襯(chen)組合)、裝袖(xiu)、裝褲腰、打褶等各種專(zhuan)用(yong)單機(ji)(ji)(ji)，并有(you)多功能自(zi)(zi)動調速固體電(dian)路電(dian)子縫(feng)(feng)(feng)紉(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)問世。20世紀80年代(dai)(dai)，較先進的(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)設備是(shi)自(zi)(zi)動縫(feng)(feng)(feng)紉(ren)系統，采用(yong)工業(ye)攝像機(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)子計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)監控(kong)，能自(zi)(zi)動識別裁片的(de)樣式，傳送并進行自(zi)(zi)動分類控(kong)制。